Jung

The American Commonwealth, James Bryce talks about equality in America when he visited the united States in the asses. Bryce provides his own view of the different equalities that all Americans possess. He states that in America, equalities are present as listed: legal equality, material conditions-wealth, education and intelligence, social status, and estimation. Legal equality is that all are equal under the law whereas material condition equality means that everyone has equal wealth.Educational and Intellectual equality means that everyone has equal Intellect and equal education. Social status equality means that no one is socially higher or lower than another. And finally, equality of estimation is the value which men set upon each other. Out of all of these types of equalities the three that Bryce list that all Americans have are wealth, education, position. Brace's listing of wealth, education, and position as American equalities brings up a valid position on whether or not Ame rica had actually possessed these equalities.In all honesty, It's all how It's perceived by different people that determine equality. Did all Americans have equal wealth, education, and position back in the late asses? Well, compared to most countries America was a land full of equality. I don't necessarily believe that these views of equality were as glorious as Bryce had perceived them to be, however seeing that he came from Britain- a land of big inequalities between those of upper, middle and lower class- America was seen as a land with greater equal opportunity.As this was written during the Gilded Age, Americans all lived In salary lifestyles as barnacles powered through the Industrial revolution. People worked mostly for big industries receiving little pay, little to no education and the same position as the country labor force therefore they were all equal. In today's world, without the fact that America is no longer the major industrial power it was one was, these equalitie s of education, position, and wealth still exist and can even be taken further In depth.Now everyone is entitled to equal wealth, education, and position but they determine their own equality. For example, two people share the same type of position as everyday citizens with the same type of education and the same wealth. One person decides to go to college and becomes a politician after he graduates while the other person goes out and parties. They both had the same equalities at one point in their lives but it was when they decided to either expand or hinder themselves that truly determined their equality.A student an attend a high rated school and could care less about education as well as a student who can attend an average public school and become the top of their class. Even Americans chose their own position in life, they can decide to be the owner of a multimillion dollar company or be a manager at McDonald's. All these things are available to all Americans as long as they ar e willing to want and work for these things. Americans will always be granted the same equalities of wealth, education, and position but they get to choose their own wealth, education, and position.

Business Environment Essay

1. Aim: The aim of this unit is to give learners an understanding of individual and group behaviour in organisations and to examine current theories and their application in managing behaviour in the workplace. 2. Unit abstract: This unit focuses on the behaviour of individuals and groups within organisations. It explores the links between the structure and culture of organisations and how these interact and influence the behaviour of the workforce. The structure of a large multi-national company with thousands of employees worldwide will be very different from a small local business with 20 employees. The way in which an organisation structures and organises its workforce will impact on the culture that develops within the organisation. This system of shared values and beliefs will determine and shape the accepted patterns of behaviour of an organisations workforce. The culture in organisations that differ in size, for example, or are from different sectors of the economy can be very different. The structure and culture of an organisation are key factors which contribute to motivating the workforce at all levels of the organisation. The Japanese were instrumental in developing a culture of ‘continuous improvement through teamwork’ in their manufacturing industry. This culture has now been exported around the world and encapsulates the way in which structure and culture contribute to patterns of behaviour in the workplace. This unit will develop learner understanding of the behaviour of people within organisations and of the significance that organisational design has on shaping that behaviour.

Correctional Reform in the United States Assignment

Correctional Reform in the United States - Assignment Example Introduction The prison reforms carried out by the Pennsylvania Prison Society were in many ways way ahead of their time and form the foundation of a lot of modern correctional facility design, function and purpose. The first prison built as a result of the reforms initiated by this society resulted in the first facilities with individual cells for prisoners including a flush toilet in each one (even before there was a flush toilet in the White House) and the first use of the modern shower. The prison was seen not as a place of punishment but more as a place for those found guilty to perform a kind of penance for their crimes, hence the name â€Å"Penitentiary† was coined to represent a prison. These reforms did not happen by accident but were as a result of sustained pressure from right thinking members of society and became the basis of today’s correctional systems (Lynch, 2011). 1. The main group that was associated with this change was the Pennsylvania Prison Societ y, whose members came from different Christian faith that were resident in Philadelphia. The group included professionals, clergymen, merchants and other leaders in the society. They were mainlyQuakers by religion and their interest in prisons was in a large way influenced by the fact that they had endured religious persecution that frequently included imprisonment thus they had already formed an interest in prison conditions and the treatment meted out to prisoners in these establishments. 2. The reforms were desired because of the public outcry over the treatment of prisoners. In the 1700s, prison services were established with three major objectives –reforming the prisoners so they came back to being useful and viable members of society once again, prevention of further crimes by showing to all and sundry and especially the lawbreakers that crime did not pay and thirdly to protect the public and other members of society from criminals and other such offenders. However, the resources to adequately house the prisoners were never adequate. As a result, jailers who were not paid a regular salary before the reforms would extort money from the prisoners while at the same time selling them alcohol, cigarettes and making them pay for every service provided in the prisons. The prisoners ended up having to sell their clothing and pay huge bribes during their stay in the prison. Prisoners were supposed to serve hard labor along the streets of Philadelphia especially while awaiting their sentencing and the sight of them chained together, many of them nearly naked; walking the streets of the city caused a great public outcry. There were also reports of prostitution taking place in the prisons as well, under the watchful eyes of bribe-taking jailers. That, coupled with the widespread sale and consumption of alcohol in the jails resulted in a lot of violence and fights that led to injury, death and a generally low quality of life for the inmates in the city’ s jails. These are the reasons that caused the need for reform (Lynch, 2011). 3. The reforms that were initiated were largely successful. There was improvement in especially the public perception and the public attitude towards prisoners, who were seen as members of society

Post Cold War Africa Inter State Conflict Research Paper

Post Cold War Africa Inter State Conflict - Research Paper Example The African continent has witnessed great disparities between the rich and the poor. Unemployment and social insecurities make it easy for any powerful individual to breed hatred and start intrastate wars. Despite this, there has been a progressive global decline in political violence since the end of the cold war probably due to the increased emphasis on peacekeeping and peace building activities3. Africa is a potentially volatile continent with a couple of unstable governments. The Berlin conference opened up the continent for division amongst major western powers who created artificial boundaries without considering the existent traditional modes of government. To consolidate their power, the colonialists destroyed the cultural and traditional symbols of power, but the large expanse of the African continent became ungovernable because of limited human and capital resources4. The divide and rule policy employed to control Africans sowed seeds of bitterness and discontent, which con tinue to cause major intrastate conflicts. Despite imposing the western culture and way of life on Africans, western colonialists did not empower Africans with the right quality of education, culture, and economic infrastructure for effective governance and stability5. After independence, most African countries lacked effective systems of governance, economic independence, and were left without direction. Africans lacked self-direction because they had been equipped with useless skills. They could not rebuild the traditional power structures nor institute economic and social development essential for stability. Artificial boundaries crammed diverse ethnic people with different traditional values, practices, and cultures together. The social strife experiences and lack of national economic opportunities deprived majority of Africans the bond of nationalism present in developed countries of the world6. A glaring example is countries colonized by the British who have failed to develop strong national identities, cultural integrity, and social cohesion essential for national stability and progress7. Majority of the African leaders who ascended to power after Africa got independence were unequipped and unsuitable for leadership. This has continued to date with majority of them being overly ambitious and corrupt. The absence of effective independent social and political institutions of governance has made political leaders too powerful, often exploiting their authority to amass assets for their own financial gain. Because of their past crimes, these leaders go to great lengths to remain in power at the expense of their people. In the past, they used single party leadership oppressing many citizens. Corrupt and inefficient regimes contributed to development of intrastate wars with many unnecessary deaths, pain, and suffering8. After independence, most African states created strong state police departments and military forces. Corrupt leaders and regimes illegally use these forces to consolidate their power through ruthless crackdown of any opposition9. Sustained oppression, lack of civil freedoms, and poor economic growth lead to instability due to gross violations of basic human rights10. Many African state police and military police do not uphold basic human rights for their people

Revelation by Flannery O'Connor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Revelation by Flannery O'Connor - Essay Example Through her interactions with other characters in the room, the real character of Mrs. Turpin is well brought out, and consequently, the central theme of the story is advanced. Mrs. Turpin is a self-opinionated woman who believes to be superior and of a higher social class. The experiences of life cause her to reflect on her life, and correct the errors of the past, and finally realize that she isn’t as righteous as initially thought. While at the doctor’s office, the attitudes and characteristics of Mrs. Turpin are clearly brought out. First, Turpin is portrayed to be a judgmental individual with a negative perception of others. For example, while at the waiting room, she looked at the boy and the old woman and â€Å"could tell by the way they sat- kind of vacant and white-trashy, as if they would sit there until Doomsday†. Through such thoughts, it is clear that Turpin never thought positively of those around them but instead was quick to pick out the real or perceived negativities about them. Her hate for others is further illustrated by her choice of either being white or black. If she had been given a choice by Jesus of either being a nigger or a white trash, she would have chosen â€Å"a nigger then-but that don't mean a trashy one†. Here, one can clearly see that she disliked white people to the extreme. She is intolerable and looks down upon everyone around her. Second, the story furth er reveals Turpin to be an egoistic woman with an extreme worldview. She perceives herself to be a very important person, belonging to an elite class of only a few. For instance, she spent most of her time at night putting people into various categories. The colored and the white-trash people were ranked lowly. She felt that she wouldn’t want to be in this category. However, for her and the husband, they belonged to a higher class of â€Å"the home-and-land owners†.

One Subject Infographic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

One Subject Infographic - Assignment Example It is from this controversy and falasy that I decided to do research on marijuana. The study involved both qualitative and quantitative data. The main objective of the study conveyed in my infograph is that marijuana is not dangerous as it is perceived to be by most people. The data was obtained from Columbia University and survey report on National Survey on drug use and health. The data and information was presented using graphs 1 and 2 as shown below. The comparison study against Marijuana was done against group of drugs listed as narcotics, Stimulants, Depresants, Non-alcoholic drugs, Alcohol and Alcohol& other drugs. The first comparison was done to assess how many people aged 12years and above use Marijuana against other drugs like Cocaine, Illicit drugs, psychotherapeutics, hallucinogens, Inhalants, heroine. From graph 1, about 25million (23.9%) people aged 12years and above consume illicit drugs. This was followed by marijuana consumed by about 20million (18.9%). About 6.8% have mental illness disorders (psychotherapeutics) which was related to other drugs taken and not marijuana. From the graph, it can be seen that Marijuana is second preferred drugs after other illicit drugs consumed in USA. The second analysis involved assessing and validating whether the effects marijuana can cause road accidents. Under this category, the drugs were classified in groups as highlighted above to take care of many population and different drugs. From graph 2, most accidents in USA are caused by people who take drugs that fall under the category of Alcohols and other drugs. This is represented by about 23.24%. The second harmful category of drugs is from the alcohol representing about 13.64%. This was followed by multiple non-alcoholic, depressants and stimulants. Most road accidents are least caused by the influence of marijuana, as can be seen in figure 2 this is represented by about 1.83% only. I also wanted to prove further behavior of people on use

Organisational leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organisational leadership - Essay Example The culture of leadership for many organizations has been that of isolated leadership, where the leaders are completely isolated from the team of the employees and other subordinates that they lead, interacting with them only through issuing orders on the tasks that such subordinates should undertake, and how they should be undertaken. However, while leadership requires being firm so as to realize the objectives set by any given organization, the isolation of leaders from their team does not serve to enable the organizations to enhance their performance, but to drag the pace at which search objectives are met (Bass & Riggio, 2006 p12). Therefore, the argument advanced by Henry Mintzberg is agreeable, and thus this discussion seeks to affirm this argument, through applying the concepts of two leadership and management theories, as well as enlisting the backing of two empirical case studies, to finally arrive at a well informed conclusion regarding the suitability of the argument advan ced by Henry Mintzberg. ... e employees with respect, dignity and rewards their efforts with good compensation, the organization is sure to receive commitment, loyalty and high productivity from the employees (Lester & Kickul, 2001 p17). The essence of the psychological contracts theory is that; it espouses a further mutual relationship between the employer and the employee, in a further manner than is stipulated in the employment contract. The principles of the psychological contract are not based on the written agreement between the employee and the employer, but rather based on the expectations of the rights, rewards and responsibilities owed to each party in the employment contract outside of what is defined in the contractual agreement. Therefore it is conclusively appropriate to say that the psychological contracts theory espoused a situation where the relationship between the employer and the employee will be based on a more humanitarian ground, as opposed to well written and defined rules of engagement (House, 1971 p322). Therefore, the psychological contract theory represents the notion that there ought to be relationships, trust and understanding between the employee and the employer, outside of the tangible paper document, that should vary from one employee to the other. The congruence of the psychological contract theory and the argument advanced by Mintzberg, stems from the fact that Mintzberg argues that open minded management approach is the most suitable for an organization to reach great levels of achievement, through supporting the initiatives developed by the employees and further providing direction, at the expense of setting the direction for the employee’s proposed project (Mintzberg, 2004 n.p). According to Mintzberg, allowing for the flexibility where the management of

Telefonica Spain Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Telefonica Spain - Case Study Example The privatization of state-owned enterprises was among the changes within the political environment, which motivated the global expansion of Telefonica Spain. Additionally, the rise of globalization caused the company to seek new markets in foreign countries. In addition, there was government deregulation and hence liberalization of the market which allowed the company to expand to foreign markets. The changes in the economic environment which stirred Telefonica’s global expansion include the competitiveness in the market especially in labor, returns on revenue, market share and shareholder values. It is argued that companies expand into foreign markets as a measure of adapting to the changes in the political, economic and social-cultural environment (Hill, 2011). Telefonica Spain’s initial focus in Latin America as opposed to its expansion into the European market was as a result of the deep social cultural and language ties that Spain had with Latin America. The social-cultural factor is the most significant consideration by a company which seeks to expand internationally. This is because culture defines the preferences and values of the consumers and hence determines their decisions to purchase and use a company’s products (Hill, 2011). Additionally, the rapid growth of the telecommunication industry within Latin America in terms of both mobile communications and internet connections inspired Telefonica Spain to expand into this market to meet the expanding needs of consumers for telecommunication services and products. Question 3: Telefonica has used acquisitions, rather than Greenfield ventures, as its entry strategy. Why do you think this has been the case? What are the potential risks associated with this entry strategy?

Types of teachers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Types of teachers - Essay Example They are keen disciplinarians, and will often keep the students on their toes at all times ensuring that they follow instructions to the letter. Furthermore, they hardly ever negotiate with students and often give orders in which they expect to be obeyed unreservedly. Easygoing teachers are the opposite of the strict teachers; they are open to negotiation and will listen and discuss issues with learners before they give make a conclusion. Moreover, easygoing are patient with students; for instance, if a student is late in submitting a paper, they will allow them extra time to work on it and not penalize them. They rarely punish students and only do it as a last resort, are quite lenient in issues pertaining to both discipline and academics and are likely to overlook minor errors to motivate the student. The final group is the moderate teacher; such teachers combine both the characteristics of the authoritarian and easygoing teacher. They negotiate with students but will not hesitant to punish them if they find if fitting, they may allow students extra time to do assignments but will put conditions and will warn the stuns making them aware that they were irresponsible for not doing the work in time. Ultimately, every teacher uses the method he/she believe is best to educate their learners although the method chosen often has a lot to do with the teacher’s personal characteristics. However, the strict teacher model was more characteristic of teachers in the past, and today they are more likely to use a moderate method trying to get the best out of both

The effect of endurance exercise on hypertension Essay

The effect of endurance exercise on hypertension - Essay Example Ehrman â€Å" it is believed that exercise training may decrease BP by improving renal function in patients with essential hypertension † So even a modest reduction of BP by endurance or resistance training decreases cardiovascular risk by 5-9%, stroke 8-14% and all cause mortality by 4 % (Vivian H.Heyward) BP is determined by cardiac output and total peripheral resistance; moreover it is elevated as result of one of the determinate or both. Therefore, non-pharmacological treatment for HT patients, needs to include theprovision for losing weight if overweight, limit alcohol intake to no more than 1 ounce of ethanol per day, reduce sodium intake to less than 100 mmol per day, maintain adequate dietary potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake, stop smoking and reduce dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intake for an overall cardiovascular health. Reducing fat intake also helps reducing caloric intake it is also important to control weight and non-insulin depended diabetes (Williams and Wilkins). Mode, frequency; duration and intensity of exercise are generally the same only in healthy population. Increasing exercise i ntensity to above 70% VO2 doesn’t have additional impact on BP. In addition, absolute sudden death during any particular episode of heavy exercise is low. Peripheral vascular disease includes vascular insufficiencies such as arteriosclerosis, arterial stenosis, Raynaud phenomena and Burger’s dieses. It’s usually correlated with hyperlipidemia and hypertension in older patients. Peripheral vascular disease manifests ischemia pain during physical activity and is due to mismatch between muscle supplies and demands. In treatment weight bearing exercise and medication is included. According to Roy J. Shephard, observing middle age and older post coronary patient over three years of vigorous and progressive endurance exercise. He established a decrease of resting provision at normal

The Green Mile Essay Example for Free

The Green Mile Essay The Green Mile was a novel written by Stephen King in 1996. The story takes place in 1932 on the â€Å"E† Block or otherwise known as death row in Cold Mountain Penitentiary somewhere in Georgia. It is narrated by the main character, Paul, who is the captain of the prison guards who supervise the â€Å"E† Block. The Green Mile is the hallway between the cells of the cell block that leads to the execution room. The corridor is covered in green linoleum, hence, the last or green mile the inmates take to their death. The story follows John Coffey, a large, black inmate convicted of raping and murdering two young white girls, and the other two inmates on death row, along with the guards who watch over them. Coffey is special, as Paul discovers, and he has magical healing abilities that become clear. The second of three inmates, Eduard Delacroix befriends a small white mouse, who he names Mr. Jingles, and Coffey heals the mouse when the young and reckless guard Percy Wetmore tried to kill it. Coffey also heals Pauls urinary tract infection, and later, Paul temporarily breaks him out of the prison to heal the wardens wifes brain tumor. Coffey transfers this brain disease to Wetmore, the cruel guard who the inmates and staff dislike. Wetmore never recovers and spends the rest of his life in a mental institution. Eventually, Paul discovers that Coffey is extraordinary in many areas. It turns out he did not murder the two girls, another inmate (William Wharton) or as the inmates call him Wild Bill had murdered the girls. Coffey doesn’t want to be pardoned, and dies in the electric chair because he can no longer cope with the vicious cycle of real life. After his death, Paul discovers that each of the people Coffey has healed live unusually long lives. Paul is 108 at the end of the book, and Mr. Jingles is 64. They have no idea how long they will live, and then the novel ends. Characters Paul Edgecombe Paul is the main character. A prison guard, by the end of the story he is an old man narrating this part of his life to a friend who is writing his memoir. John Coffey A nearly 7-foot-tall black man, a convicted murderer awaiting his death sentence on death row in the prison. He befriends a white mouse and heals people of their diseases. Percy Wetmore A sadistic prison guard who everyone dislikes. He torments the prisoners, tries to kill Mr. Jingles, the mouse, and deliberately botches an execution where the inmate suffers terribly. He keeps his job because he is related to the governor. Eduard Delacroix A Cajun man convicted of arson, he is essentially a coward. He is the man who dies a horrible death at the hands of Wetmore. William Wharton Another convict, it turns out he is the one who actually committed the murder attributed to John Coffey. He is wild and frightening, and attempts to disrupt the prison as much as he can before he dies. Mr. Jingles The white mouse that lives to be 64. Overall the novel is a timeless classic, was definitely filled with information that the movie obviously doesn’t have. Though the movie was also amazing and was nominated for 4 Oscars. It displayed great screenplays from Tom Hanks to Michael Clarke Duncan.

Urban Space Development Project in Bayraklı

Urban Space Development Project in BayraklÄ ± Within this framework, I will be observing the development path of an emerging subcentre through pin-pointing the development of BayraklÄ ±, in relation to the perception of sustainability, enquiring whether urban redevelopment is regarded as a strategic term or a contextual element that has been embedded in architectural planning and in urban forms. Recently, urban development projects have taken a central dominance over the production of urban spaces within the metropolitan cities. With the implementation of such developments, regenerated urban areas, newly developing business sectors, tourism-orientated facilities, malls and many other amenities have risen. This document critiques the sustainability tendencies within a regeneration programme and their building clusters situated in emerging recent subcentres of metropolitan areas. Through this context, this document will observe and interrogate whether or not sustainable buildings are utilized as a means of strategic branding, enticing such firms, or as an essential design element wherein satisfies the social, political and environmental concerns within architectural integrity, the design of the buildings and their association within the urban context of the newly developing region of Izmir. The significance in examining the ideologies in all contexts are essential as the effect of these mega-scale developments, will form long-term impacts on the urban landscape ecologically, socially, and physically. BayraklÄ ± is regarded as a district with a high seismic rate within Turkey. Whilst the devastations are associated with damage and loss, the destructive outcomes are exacerbated by the capacity of non-compliant buildings, poor infrastructure and workmanship. As a large scale redevelopment, Izmir has recently embarked upon a challenge of reinforcing high-risk surroundings within the region of BayraklÄ ±. The historical, yet strategic significance of the district is evident and is critical for the future urban development of the city. Based on this supposition the site has a central location along the coast, enclosing the Izmir Cove with a surface area of 35km2, and is regarded as a high-rise development zone by the local government. Sustainability embraces the environmental limits of living; in a broader term, a healthy society. Increasing public green spaces both within and around the clusters of high-rise, managing air and waste pollution, BayraklÄ ± has been listed in such ratings to obtain international certifications from LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology), amongst many others. The site, accommodates, residential and commercial facilities such as leisure and offices amongst a six-storey high mixed-use tower. With a complete floor area of 150,000m2, the project was entitled to two 40-storey mixed-use towers, erected on a six-storey horizontal shopping mall. The wind resistant, curvilinear form of the Folkart towers, have enabled penetration from the sea breeze into its adjacent urban area, a field designated as a green belt. With a high coverage ratio of 90%, the design of the public green area connects the neighbourhood to the axis that reaches the shore. The development of the public green spaces between the Folkart Towers, (so called the Twin Towers) have enhanced such opportunities; outdoor sports and recreation, visual amenity and biodiversity, amid the improvement of a derelict land. The available green space amongst the twin towers have attracted more visitors than expected in Summer 2016], as the Republic of Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism have announced. The facilities were mainly introduced to locals of BayraklÄ ±, though has experienced a high desire from such citizens neighbouring from nearby districts and even those who have willed to travel from further distances. The landscaping, as opposed to the modern street lighting, street furnishings, outdoor and indoor sports facilities have been an attraction point for those who have less experience and access to such spaces within their boroughs. The coastal development encourages a range of such outdoor facilities; wider and efficient bicycle lanes, public fitness parks, children play centres, amongst many isolated pathways for joggers, sprinters and those whom enjoy their slow pace walks. A zone is specially dedicated for picnic activities, including fire places, seating areas, manageable recycling bins, and parking lots for attendances with vehicles. There is a substantial, indication of benefits the district has aroused; a major increase on health care within the last decade. These benefits include better self-rated health, lower body mass index, a decrease in overweight levels; a substantial improvement of mental health and an increased longevity. By increasing the access to available public spaces, BayraklÄ ± has tackled the notion of community cohesion and reduced social isolation. Through the regeneration projects, industrial heritages have been maintained within the district and derelict areas have been implemented with modern, contemporary architecture. However the design of the district had been challenging for the urban planners in embracing the zonal division between the shore and situated inner settlements. As a critique of the area, I believe the problem of transportation should be withheld and considered. The historic AltÄ ±yol Highway connecting the districts of Alsancak to BayraklÄ ±, in conjunction with the contemporary subway transportation Izban, running parallel to the highway, shapes a barrier, disabling the physical connection between the pedestrians to the shore. Yet, there is access for an insufficient single pedestrian bridge directed above the highway. CONCLUSION Urban transformation specifies a combination of multilateral, integrated, and extensive actions that have been intended to problem solving and relating to a citys living spaces, in the context of spatial, economic and social aspects. Consequently, the aim of such development, is not restricted to spatial improvement. Though, it is vital that the concepts are identified from diverse perspectives with urban renewal, preservation, improvement and revitalisation. Sustainable towers have been amid the debated matters of contemporary high-rise building designs in Turkey. Urban development has had a matter of significant dispute within Izmir, as newly constructed urban projects have been experiencing protests against the redevelopment of traditional settlements or rezoning of farmland for new constructions. Whilst, the re-shaping of BayraklÄ ± is still in progress, the urban morphology of this region has started to take form by the high-rise and mixed- use developments that are currently under construction, already in use and many still in the initial design stages. The redevelopment within the area, together with the high-rises, are aimed for the upper-classed residents. With the majority of citizens from a middle-classed background, the programme is certainly improving BayraklÄ ±s economy, and the style of living with luxury condos, office spaces, residents and high-end malls shaping the district. Though, debates have aroused as to whether t he district could experience a social division within classes, as oppose to its physical division between the districts and the coast. Accordingly, social sustainability, in regards to the social interaction, the function of public green areas and access to possible public transportation routes are issues for BayraklÄ ± to consider as oppose to the environmental concerns related to large-scale developments. It is noteworthy to take a look at the past few decades of the region, with no collaboration between the local authorities and contractors regarding the sustainability-related concerns. Since the public realm foundations of private sectors are typically directed by land development codes and conditions for construction permissions, such collaborations are essential for the future of the developing metropolitan.

The company culture of Pixar Animation Studios

The company culture of Pixar Animation Studios Introduction The origin of Pixar is traced back to 1984 when John Lasseter the Chief Creative Officer of Disney and Pixar joined the computer graphics division of Lucasfilms. Two years later Steve Jobs bought this unit and renamed it Pixar that went on to produce award winning short films, commercials and documentaries. The Company expanded its creative potentials to make its first computer animated movie, Toy Story in 1995 that marked the beginning of a new era in animation film industry. Pixar re-defined the meaning of success with major triumphs in the form of The Incredibles, Finding Nemo, Toy Story 2, and many others to follow. The Company was acquired by Disney in the year 2006, a strategic alliance that expanded the creative potentials of Pixar to further heights. The success of the company has been termed as dramatic and inspirational for other firms in the creative industry segment. The much talked about Pixar culture provides an interesting insight into how an organization can nurture t he creative talents of its employees across different levels. Research issue The research paper explores the different dimensions of the Pixar culture and its open door policy to understand the ways in which the organization has expanded its creative potentials to become one of the most innovative organizations in the industry. The objective of the paper is to analyse the impacts of the people management practices adopted at Pixar in promoting a creative work environment. Theoretical analysis framework Theoretical analysis provides any research work with the necessary facts and evidence that support the research findings and implications. In this section, the paper will focus on analysing the organizational culture of Pixar through two distinctive models the organizational aesthetics model and Handy (1985) or Harrison (1972) Model of culture. The study of these two theoretical dimensions enable a deeper insight and understanding of how the structural design and practices within an organization shapes its workplace environment and employee attitudes. The study and understanding of these two theoretical dimensions have been used to analyse the Pixar culture that promotes creativity through an enabling work culture. Organizational aesthetics model Aesthetics offers a new look into organizations, and a look at alternative ways of expressing and making meanings that deeply influence organizational interactions, behaviours, and understandings (Taylor Hansen, 2005). Aesthetics relate to our senses and contextual experiences that shape our knowledge and beliefs. Organizational activities and strategies are to a wide extent influenced by the social and contextual environment in which they exist. The underlying assumption of the aesthetic approach to the study of organizations is that, although an organization is indeed a social and collective construct, it is not an exclusively cognitive one but derives from the knowledge-creating faculties of all the human senses (Linstead Hopfl, 2000). According to this approach organizations are created through the re-definition and application of knowledge processing skills that are harnessed for productive gains. Since the organizational processes are widely impacted by the individual perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, opinions, values and reflections of the workforce that drive operational efficiencies. These are indicators of organizational aesthetics that bind the various elements into a more cohesive structure that helps in the production of goods and services for the larger community. Recent Trend in Organization Aesthetics The significance of such models is underlined by the increasing diversity of the workforce in present business environment and the difficulties faced in integrating the skills of individuals from varied knowledge sectors to develop a single product. Research studies have established that an understanding of the organizational aesthetics can help in improving managerial abilities to lead the team towards a more effective performance. Studies have revealed that the understanding of organizational aesthetics can help managers to identify the parameters of how to analyse and approach any issue. This particular aspect enables the organization to pursue a strategy well defined and supported by an understanding of human values and dimensions that impact work performance. Organization Aesthetics in Pixar Bill Capodagli, the author of Innovate the Pixar Way: Lessons from the Worlds most Creative Corporate Playground in an interview with the Enterpriseleadership.org (2010) stated that Pixar has a set of deeply rooted values that champion excellence, tap innovation, and encourage collaboration. Following this observation, it can be inferred that the organizational practices and strategies adopted by Pixar have been a vital factor in promoting its creative talents. The question that this observation raises is what kind of organizational design and practices Pixar has that promotes such creativity. Organizational structure plays a critical role in nurturing individual talent and providing the employees with the opportunity to deliver their true potentials Edgar Schein in 1985 observed that organizations can be broadly categorised into two types Organization A that adopts an open environment facilitated by free flow of communication and less formal atmosphere; and organization B that supports a closed door structure featured by formal work procedures and low interactivity among employees. Pixar belongs to the Organization A type that exhibits an open culture (Schein, 2004). This kind of organization supports team based work culture. The success formula of Pixar is based on team work, collaboration and free flow of communication between individuals. The high level of interaction and flow of communication within the organization is promoted by its flat organizational structure. The organization is founded on remarkable management practices that discourage hierarchical system of r eporting. The non hierarchical organizational structure promotes responsibilities and motivates the employees to put in their best at work resulting in high performing organizations. However, such work culture demands strong commitment and high level of energy from the employees. The operating principles of Pixar is based on freedom to communicate with anyone, a work environment that is safe for everyone to offer ideas, and staying close to innovations happening in the academic community (Catmull, 2008). The creative focus of the organization has been on harnessing its human resource potentials to the optimum through the application of aesthetic organizational principles (McElroy Morrow, 2010). This involves providing its employees with a work environment that is most informal with all amenities and luxuries that enable the stimulation of the creative senses of the workforce (Buzalka, 2006). The company adopts a non-hierarchical organization structure that encourages associates to actively participate in the decision making process at all stages. The organization supports employee empowerment in the form of supportive management practices that focuses on employee skills development and promoting participative leadership style. The lack of formal reporting lines and accountability of employees is compensated with mentors who assist the new comers into the organization and guide them through various stages of career progression. The ability of the organization to create and sustain in novation at work is dependent on speed, transparency and accountability (Hamilton, 2005). Organizational design is to a large extent guided by the flow of information across various levels and departments. Entrepreneurs re-engineer business processes to accommodate a flatter form of organization structure that necessitates free flow of information and knowledge to the workforce. Organizational structure plays a pivotal role in determining organizational culture and values, communication lines and the extent of employee involvement in decision making process. The levels of reporting and accountability framework of a company determine the corporate culture and work environment existing within the company. In current business context, entrepreneurs re-engineer business processes to accommodate a flatter organization structure that necessitates free flow of information and knowledge to the workforce. Knowledge and learning culture forms the key to business success in todays competitive industry. Pixar has managed to leverage existing technology tools to create competitive adv antage through enhancing its competencies and skills to adapt to new systems and innovate work processes for launching and creating new ideas. The effectiveness of such work processes is largely impacted by employee skills, competencies and access to relevant information. In the organizational context, knowledge is a tool that helps the organization to achieve strategic goals and objectives. These goals include generating a reputation for technical expertise, translating expertise into new business ideas, gaining new experience in specific areas to achieve cost advantage and optimum use of internal resources. At Pixar the open organization design facilitates interaction between employees that promotes teamwork. Such initiatives contribute to organizational productivity by providing the employees with a suitable physical environment to work in. Pixar presents a fine blending of learning and team work assisted by an open organizational design that enables the company to roll out new ideas and creative products for their target audience. Advantages of Organizational Aesthetics Workplace design and physical office environment plays a significant role in enhancing organizational productivity and performance. Research studies have concluded that improvements in office design and management are not the only consideration for organizational productivity, but they have an important role to play; offices should be considered as a potential asset rather than just a space to house employees (Charles Zweirzchowski, 2004). Organizational aesthetics take into account the need for designing workspaces to meet the work process requirements. Adequate space designing for privacy of work, open office plans to promote teamwork and interaction between co-workers support the organizational goals by providing the employees with the desired workspace. Technology has created new expectations and influenced consumer behavior to include a wide gamut of options and possibilities that can be explored by organizations to launch new trends and range of products. Such business models are supported by increased collaboration and interaction between employees across different departments. The open design office structure supported by Pixar enables the employees to communicate and discuss freely the work issues and details. Discussions and deliberations on work issues are effective in promoting work efficiency and enable the companies to come up with million dollar ideas. The right mix of design and functionality while planning office spaces can have a positive impact on organizational productivity and performance through reduced operational costs in the form of shared resources and effective teamwork. Types of office design The conventional office design and workplace layout have undergone massive transformations over the past few decades. The previous sections have elaborated on the significance of organizational aesthetics in developing creative potentials within the firm and the analysis highlights the impacts that structural design has on employee productivity and performance. Efficient workplace design can positively impact employee motivation levels and satisfaction. Theoretical frameworks in this context have emphasized the significance of workplace design and office layout plans in supporting organizational goals, work processes, innovative culture and business values. Bill Capodagli in an interview with the Credit Union Magazine recently commented that the success behind Pixar lay in its conceptualisation of a corporate playground that enabled its employees to relax and enjoy within the organization. When you go there, you may see people playing football or swimming in an Olympic sized pool. It has created an atmosphere where work is fun working hard and playing hard (Capodagli Credit Union, 2010). Pixar has adopted an open office design that enables its employees to share ideas, conceptualise new designs and initiate new practices for effective results. An analysis of the effectiveness of the office design theories put forward by Duffy (1997) reveals interesting insights into the Pixar model. Duffy (1997) in his works had proposed four distinct types of office design namely den, club, hive and cell. The matrix given below illustrates the extent to which these four office design types support interaction and autonomy in organizations The work culture at Pixar shows a high degree of team work and interaction between employees. The organization as studied in the previous sections supports a participative decision making process. The daily work of the employees is reviewed by peers and managers for assessing the effectiveness of outcomes (Capodagli, 2010). Hence the work environment at Pixar supports limited autonomy combined with high level of interactivity that is characterized by the Den office design as postulated by Duffy (1997). The effectiveness of such office design is emphasized by its contribution in motivating and inspiring employees towards creativity. Such workplace design according to Van der Voodt (2004) promotes a transparent organizational structure, enables employee empowerment, encourages team work, promotes learning, facilitates free flow of information, allows increased collaboration at work and creates a motivational environment. It can be inferred from the above discussion that organizational design and workplace layout must focus on enabling increased collaborative environment within the departments and hierarchies. Organization Culture and Workplace Environment The previous section highlighted the significance of organizational aesthetics and workplace design in shaping the Pixar work culture. However, the analysis of the success mantra of Pixar cannot be complete without an insight into its organizational culture that is reflected in its workplace environment. Organization culture defines the organizational belief, values and norms shared by the employees. An organization is shaped by the culture that predominates in work environment, employee behaviour and managerial attitude. Pixar adopts an organization culture that defies all traditional theories related to managing and running a business establishment. Conventional management practices focused on bureaucratic controls and centralised decision making system that demarcated distinctive roles for each individuals. The evolving concepts of organizational culture and practices focus more on employee welfare and development plans that inspire the workforce to display proactive behaviour at work. One of the distinctive challenges faced by all organizations today is motivating its employees to achieve higher levels of performance and build a work climate that induces positive attitude to work amongst its employees. Motivation is a key area where the organizational management needs to stand out in order to achieve a high degree of employee creativity skills in solving business problems. Opportunity oriented, reward oriented, freedom to explore and work on their own are some of the factors which contribute to a high degree of motivation which gives solidarity to the company and promotes a good organizational culture. A high degree of employe e motivation ensures that employees work freely and without reservations in achieving their desired goals. They are also given the freedom to work on their own to allow creative ideas and hence innovative practices to grow. This would not be possible in a restricting environment where the employees do not have the room to develop and grow their intrinsic creativity skills. Pixar adopted the innovative and creative approach to expand its market potentials and gain new grounds in an emerging industry. The promoters of the Company ensured that the team based work approach promoted creative talents of its employees and nurtured the potentials of the workforce through an enabling corporate learning environment. This is a new kind of movie studio that not only invents its own technology, much like a whiz-bang Silicon Valley Company, but also comes up with new production methods and organizational innovations that bring unheard of discipline to the crazy business of making movies (Schlender, 2004). Model of culture Different models of organizational culture have been proposed by researchers and academicians. Such models provide the basis for understanding the context in which organizations operate within the existing business environment. One of the models proposed by Roger Harrison (1972) suggested that organizational culture is primarily of four types that include power, role, task/achievement and person/support (Cartwright Cooper, 2000). This model was further researched by Handy to provide four distinctive categories of organization culture. The four categories have been identified as role culture, power culture, person culture, and task culture. The role culture reflects bureaucratic organization that takes into account the procedures and position of employees to define the existing work culture. The power culture is influenced by the control of individuals at the head who run the whole show for the business. The person culture is shaped by the leader-subordinate relationship that accounts for the existing work culture. The task culture is based on impact of individual knowledge and expertise that influences the work culture and environment (Itzen Nerwman, 2005). The organizational culture displayed at Pixar focuses on increased collaboration and team work culture. The creativity at Pixar is fostered daily by an open collaborative atmosphere in which every member of the team is engaged in the process and commited to a common goal in this case, a good entertaining story (Kiedaisch, 2010). The company adopts an integrated approach towards its people development strategies based on group learning initiatives and team work focus. One of the mechanisms adopted by organizations today is the reinforcement of team work that provides the individuals with the autonomy and freedom to act according to the need of the hour. Teams at Pixar are an integral part of operational processes and the organization relies extensively on teams to perform strategic functions. The team learning process is not only innovative and inspiring to the members but it also helps the organization devise new strategies and creative ideas that can work wonders for the business. Hence it can be concluded that Pixar displays task culture where individual expertise and skills are integrated with organizational capabilities and resources to produce new ideas and product designs. The task culture brings individuals working on specific tasks together to contribute to the completion of a bigger task. The work approach focuses on completing the job at hand successfully and more emphasis is given to a collaborative approach that necessitates the coming together of differently skilled people to accomplish the goal. Hence this kind of work culture promotes an informal work environment where decision making is usually reached through discussions and consensus between the employees. This type of work culture is also characterized by increased interaction and exchange of information between members. Suggested applicable solutions In order for an organization to remain relevant and to compete in pursuit of its mission, management of organizations must pay attention to both ends of the process, generating creative ideas frequently and utilizing its innovation process to realize the potential value of those ideas (McLean, 2005). Organizations operating in a competitive business environment depend on innovation and creativity through the adoption of latest technology tools and applications to drive market advantage in their favour. Management of technology and its judicious application in work processes facilitate the firms to deliver high quality products and superior work performance that is driven by an enabling work culture. Adopting work practices that promote creativity and innovation within firms can be a challenging task since the application of such business models are impacted by the human resource strategies, managerial capabilities and resource availability (Gilmartin, 1999). Studies of such business models in creative organizations have proved the effectiveness of these strategies that promote innovation and a positive work culture within the workforce. An analysis of the competitive industry environment provides a clear picture on the existing market environment and its current trends. The driving economic forces that guide the market movements and emergent technology trends are significant to the analysis of markets and help organizations like Pixar to define appropriate strategies to retain competitive advantage. Futuristic technologies are envisioned to create better and increased utility of existing products and services for improved applications and heightened consumer satisfaction. However, the effective utilisation of such technology trends depends on the creativity of its manpower. Creativity contributes to the generation of new ideas and help companies in distinguishing their products and services from their competitors in the market. Pursuing a creative organization approach must focus on developing the human resource of the organization. Conclusion The analysis of Pixar work culture and organizational aesthetics have highlighted some significant points in context of strengthening the innovative capabilities of a company. While office workspace design and structure play a significant role in influencing a positive work environment the role of organizational culture and strategic practices involving team work, participative leadership approach and employee empowerment in promoting creativity among employees cannot be ignored. The guiding principle behind managerial strategies and focus of the organization has been nurturing relationships and building trust among employees that helps in creating an amiable and creative work environment. If we get that right, the result is a vibrant community where talented people are loyal to one another and their collective work, everyone feels that they part of something extraordinary, and their passion and accomplishments make the community a magnet for talented people coming out of schools or working at other places (Catmull, 2008).

Making Iowa State University a Better Place for International Students :: Education Learning Foreign Students Essays

Making Iowa State University a Better Place for International Students English is a second language for most people outside of the United States of America. In Hong Kong for example, the Chinese start to learn English in kindergarten. Chinese children learn the spelling and the grammar of the English language but of course one must live in the culture to be fully educated of the language. There are many slang words and new vocabulary that are not taught in the schools however. Winnie Yue, a freshman at Iowa State University, found this out fairly quickly after going to her first class. She has taken all of her courses at Iowa State University before in Hong Kong, but the language barrier is providing her with many difficulties. She mentions how the professors use these unfamiliar words not realizing that non-Americans may not know what they mean. These days you will see Winnie carrying a dictionary to every one of her classes. Miss Yue feels that if she had other Chinese students that could help her with her understanding of these words she would have an easier time with her courses and her homework. She feels Iowa State University should help her with her problem. I propose that Iowa State University should establish a team of workers who will supply international students with names of other international students of the same culture, a set time to socialize, and a set place to gather. This new program will help them with their homesickness as well as helping them with the language barrier and also the culture change. Iowa State already has an organization established that is a voluntary program, which matches international students with Americans. This program is called the Conversational English Program, but it needs to be improved drastically. In this program, American volunteers are supposed to have conversations about the American culture and life in general. It is supposed to help international students with the culture change and their English speaking skills. The program however is not widely used. The problem may be due to the fact that a student must find this organization on their own. Iowa State's new program would eliminate this situation by having the student already set up with the other international student before their first classes start. The Conversational English Program is, in my opinion, a good start to what should be a widely used establishment.

Napster :: essays research papers

Napster In 1998 a university dropout, Shawn Fenning, nicknamed napster, spent days without sleep in his uncle's office producing a new music-swapping programme now known as napster. Napster is an MP3 file sharing programme that lets you connect to millions of other users world-wide and swap music with them for ABSOLUTELY NOTHING, even Napster itself as a programme is FREE and is available to ANYONE with a PC and the Internet. Napster spreads all types of music ranging from unknown and up and coming bands to famous names like Craig David and Artful Dodger this is all at absolutely NO COST. So as you can imagine as Napster grew more popular than ever its total users topped 50MILLION in November 2000. Nearly 75 percent of college students have downloaded music from the Net, according to a recent study by Greenfield Online, an international research firm. Nearly two-thirds of the 1,135 college students surveyed say they download music as a way to sample music before buying it. So does this prove that the artists are actually benefiting out of Napster as people will hear there songs and possibly go and buy there singles. Many people believe music labels should have been donating money to Napster users, not threatening to sue them. And so the much-libelled Napster users are dedicated music buyers, quick to reach for their wallets. Greenfield research says it found that 45 per cent of online music fans are more likely to have increased their music purchases than online fans who don't use Napster. The study of Napster users found that 71 percent of users say they're willing to pay to download an entire album. A maker of MP3 portable players said "The year 2000 is a fantastic year for digital music,we had this earthquake called Napster who's aftershocks are still happening". Napster gives publicity to unsigned groups and gives people a chance to listen to their music and so possibly they may get a record deal form the record companies. But in the shops people are paying  £3.99 for these singles and to some they simply can't afford it, so why not use Napster and get it fo nothing??? After all would you pay for something you could get for free? Using napster gives everyone a chance to get all their favourite music for nothing, all new bands singles are featured on the programme but not forgetting many, many old songs for the older users of the site.

Comparing two short stories -My brother?s keeper and Do angels wear E

Comparative analysis of two stories : "My brother’s keeper " " and Do angels wear brassieres?" The two short stories that I am comparing are " My brother’s keeper" by Geoffrey Philp and " Do angels wear brassieres?" by Olive Senior. "My brother’s keeper" talked about history ,race , identity, friendship, family, age, motherhood and sexuality and how they are defined around cultural and traditional positions. It is about a young man named Paul and his account of the changes he went through dealing with a step brother he did not even know existed until the very first day the boy showed up at their door . His step- brother’s name was David and he was coming from America where he was lived with his mother and father until their death. " Do angels wear brassieres?" is about little girl named Beccka’s quest for knowledge and what she had to go through as a teenager living with two females in one house .In this story I saw the relationships among family, friendship, motherhood,voice, tradition, ethnicity and how these fit into the identity of the individual in addition to their gender ,age and sexuality. Although " My brother’s keeper" and "Do angels wear brassieres?" were written by two different authors, they had a lot in common .Both of them were set in the island country of Jamaica and were about single families. From the beginning, the narrator in " My brother’s keep...

How Global Issues Affect the Whole World Essay

Thematic Essay- How Global Issues Affect the Whole World BY codi5181 Global issues today cause tremendous problems to the whole world. Even today, issues such as terrorism, the environment, population, global migration, urbanization, and economic instability plague our world. The most crucial of these problems being religion-based terrorism, urbanization and population, and environmental pollution and destruction. Terrorism is mostly linked to differences in opinion between different sects ofa religion, an example being Muslim extremists. Muslim extremists in the Middle East have radical opinions on the details of their religion. The IRA in Ireland terrorizes anyone who goes against their ideals. Terrorism is caused when one group of radicals feels the necessity to attack another group. In addition, terrorism can be caused when one group feels that they are doing the right thing, when in the eyes of someone else, these same actions could be offensive and could cause unrest. Like the United States Christians who gave aid to the Christians in Ireland. The UN has ways to deal with unrest between countries, and has peacekeeping committees to try to stop terrorism before it starts. In order to stop errorism in the Middle East, there must be a clear separation of secular and state. The sharia in Muslim countries does not have laws that provide protection against modern day technology and advances in culture. The Middle Eastern countries that are ruled by religious laws have to start to regulate weapon usage and the availability of explosives and other dangerous chemicals. An increase in the global population greatly affects many aspects of everyday life for everyone in the world. Population increases causes a vicious cycle of urbanization. Urbanization is the movement of eople from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities and a education. Urbanization is caused by an increase need for employment. People who live in rural areas have a lesser availability of Jobs and resources, so moving to the city makes this easier on them. People quest for a better life, and education causing people to move into the cities too. Cities such as Beijing and cities in India and China are mostly affected by urbanization because of the massive amount of people who reside in these countries. Some countries have put in place different laws and olicies to counteract the massive population increase. China’s one child policy is a supreme example. Countries should limit the amount of people who can move into a city each year. Also, companies can expand into the rural areas and sponsor schools to be set up in the rural areas too. Urbanization in the long run causes a severe increase in global pollution. This problem is caused by the increased need to produce energy. Producing energy usually involved burning fossil fuels. The air pollution causes the Green house effect, which causes the Earth to slowly heat up. Environmental problems like lack of medical cures and oxygen level decreases are caused by human deforestization. International committees are set up to limit what humans can do with natural resources. For example, factories must scrub the emissions free of toxins and people can no longer use CFCs. To solve the problem of global pollution, countries must find alternate ways to create energy, rather than interconnected. Everything that we do can be felt across the globe. International solutions to the problems that plague our world are a necessity. Problems such as pollution, over population, and terrorism can easily be solved.

Book pseudo-philosophical

The book of job is indeed a difficult book (particularly because it is structured like a poem, which i think made it all the more boring. ) But going beyond that, it has some interesting pseudo-philosophical discussions going on. Job is a brave man, given the circumstances and the general assumptions about the nature of the universe at the time (a universe where god occasionally makes his presence known through a whirlwind or some such device).Job is good and brave, but I think there is an inherent assumptions in his arguments that make them fail (in my book): the assumption of the validity of the rationale behind the rules under which God seems to operate. Since Sin is also, ultimately, God's invention, I think an appropriate response to such a condition as Job's would have been â€Å"Why are You playing around with us? † When Job finally acknowledges God's justice, Job gets his good life back! (Someone was just being childish and just wanted some appreciation, after all. )I don't believe that there is a direct correlation between good actions and†¦ divinely bestowed awards. A bit of work and a bit of luck are what it takes to get a good life. As for Genesis chapters 1-11, I cannot take these as an authentic record of historical events. While reading, I kept getting a feeling, in the back of my mind, that there is something inherently wrong in the rationale and explanations of the behaviors of the characters (God included). The story presented in Genesis has the makings of a myth, and is in the same level as that of other creationist stories of other beliefs.As Darwin says, the concept of God is quite beyond the scope of my abilities. Genesis 1-11 is an â€Å"explanation† of the origins of the world, which I believe must be a lot more complex than the chapters relate (at least on the surface). It also â€Å"explains† the origins good and evil in modern mankind. Boring also. Primarily because the story has been recounted countless time s, and, understandably, the sentences are structured as dissimilarly as possible from everyday speech, while still retaining grammatical correctness. But it is still nice to understand ancient (and modern) cultural and religious mentality.

Marketing is more than selling and promotion Essay

The primary concern or objective of marketing is to identify and satisfy, or exceed the changing needs of customers. In view of this broad concern of marketing, it can be seen that the concept of marketing summarizes many activities in a business. Marketing, in fact, refers to any activity undertaken by a firm that has been designed to plan, price, promote and distribute ideas, goods and services to target markets. These marketing activities were executed in order to create an exchange and sales that will result in the achievement of the proprietors’ individual goals and the firm’s goals, both in the short-term and the long-term. It is then obvious that marketing forms an integral component of any business’s operations. In particular marketing activities attempt to increase a firms’ revenue base, by showing the importance of attracting potential customers in target markets to purchase the firms’ products in order to satisfy their wants, rather than those of firm’s competitors. Consequently, the marketing directly contributes to the attainment of the financial goals of the firm. Hence, the success of a firm is reliant upon the extent to which it is able to identify, and satisfy the customer’s needs more effectively. Marketing as an activity that involves several features, all of which are presented during the course of the marketing process. Such features include, firstly and most importantly, that marketing is a long process that begins with the creation of an idea and ends up as product that will be sold to satisfy a customer’s needs. Secondly, marketing is seen as a managerial process as it involves making managerial decisions about the particular mix of product, price, place and promotion in a firm. Furthermore, marketing involves managers planning and ensuring that particular arranged activities are carried out, in order for the marketing plan to be successful. Finally, marketing is perceived as a way in which firms are able to satisfy the needs of customers, and in turn achieve their own business goals. Marketing provides the business with the ability to satisfy the changing wants of customers. In light of this, and the fact that businesses have  become increasingly aware of the role that marketing plays in achieving success in the business, several approaches or philosophies to marketing have developed. There are different approaches to marketing, to help to define marketing and to show, how a specific marketing approach/s depends upon particular business’s marketing strategy and the type of product being marketed. Starting with a Marketing Concept, which believes that a customer’s need for satisfaction, is the economic and social reason for an organisation’s existence. This approach requires, that all of the business’s activities should be targeted towards meeting consumer wants, while at the same time meeting the organisation’s goals. In effect, this approach needs the firm to find out what the customer wants, and subsequently develops a product to meet these requirements and then sell it at a profit. Then the Production Concept should be considered. This approach states that the business will sell its product if it is both well made and affordable. Businesses utilising this method require management to focus on improving production techniques and cost structures of the business The Product Concept focuses on the quality, features, and performance of the product. Believing that if the product has more features or is of a better quality and performance compared to competitors, it will then gain greater sales it is defiantly less customer orientated. The Selling Concept concentrates on developing sales techniques and promotional activities in order to entice customers into buying an organisation’s product, whether they want it or not. Therefore this approach places direct emphasis on customers, but possibly not on their want-satisfaction. After all the Societal Marketing Concept which is the latest marketing approach, combines the main ideas of the marketing approach, that is, determining customer needs and satisfying the business’s goals, but also integrates social responsibility into the business. This social responsibility includes increasing environmental awareness, which may include tackling the problems of pollution and the exploitation of  non-renewable resources. Modern day businesses are under pressure to adopt this marketing approach, in order to become more socially responsible. This approach not only focuses on fulfilling the customer’s want-satisfaction, but also satisfying society. These four approaches in particular show, that marketing is more than promoting and selling a product. They could be compared with the four P?s (product, place, promotion and price), which are normally used to describe the process of marketing. But the concepts of marketing, production, product, selling and society marketing give another view into the difficult and never ending process of marketing.

Ecological Effects of Industrial Revolution

Ecological Effects of Industrial Revolution Museum http://ohsweb. ohiohistory. org/places/se02/index. shtml Buckeye Furnace is a reconstructed charcoal-fired iron blast furnace originally built in 1852. http://www. thehenryford. org/education/industrialRevolution. aspx Impact of Technology and Innovations during Industrial Revolution by experiencing the transition from small farms and shops of the 18th and 19th centuries to the large industrial complexes of today.Engines of Change introduces some of the people and machines that were part of this great transformation of change. Websites http://industrialrevolution. sea. ca/innovations. html Technologies are discussed that occurred during the Industrial Revolution to improve production. http://www. worldcoal. org/coal-the-environment/coal-mining-the-environment/ Coal mining and the how it affects the environment. http://www. worldcoal. org/coal-the-environment/climate-change/ Global greenhouse emissions, coal and climate change. http:/ /www. catf. us/publications/reports/Cradle_to_Grave. df The environmental impact from coal mining. http://www. nps. gov/lowe/index. htmUncover the Industrial Revolution through interactive exhibits at the Boott Cotton Mills Museum, and see the operating power looms. http://www. millerandlevine. com/km/evol/Moths/moths. html Example of evolution working through the process of natural selection caused by a changing habitat linked to the industrial revolution. http://ecology. com/features/industrial_revolution/index. html The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in Earth’s ecology and humans’ relationship with their environment. ttp://www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/biology/evolution/genetics/naturalselection. html A complete text explaining evolution by the process of natural selection. http://www. globalchange. umich. edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/selection/selection. html Explanation of Natural Selection. http://bsgran. people. wm. edu/melanism. pdf Peppered moth selection analysis. Journal Article Oakes, Elizabeth H. â€Å"Newcomen, Thomas. † A to Z of STS Scientists. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2002. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp?ItemID=WE41&SID=5&iPin= azsts0137&SingleRecord=True http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= azsts0137&SingleRecord=True. With the invention of this atmospheric steam engine, the Industrial Revolution used coal as fuel. Barber, Nigel. â€Å"Ethical Issues of Air Pollution . † Encyclopedia of Ethics in Science and Technology. Facts On File, Inc. , 2002. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= ethics0008&SingleRecord=True http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= ethics0008&SingleRecord=True.Major environmental polluters feel little sense of legal liability for pollution causing ill health and habitat destruction. Hopkins, William G. â₠¬Å"photosynthesis and the environment. † Photosynthesis and Respiration, The Green World. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2006. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE41&SID=5&iPin= GWPR0006&SingleRecord=True http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= GWPR0006&SingleRecord=True. Since Industrial Revolution, the human population has put increased pressure on the biosphere. Rosen, Joe, and Lisa Quinn Gothard. greenhouse effect. † Encyclopedia of Physical Science. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2009. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE41&SID=5&iPin= EPS0098&SingleRecord=True http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= EPS0098&SingleRecord=True. Explanation of greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, and energy transfers. Barber, Nigel. â€Å"ethical implications of the Industrial Revolution. † Encyclopedia of Ethics in Science and Technology. Facts On File, Inc. , 2002. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp?ItemID=WE41&SID=5&iPin= ethics0217&SingleRecord=True http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= ethics0217&SingleRecord=True. The increased burning of fossil fuels by industry and transportation resulted in pollution to destroy ecosystems and create health problems. PowerPoint Presentations http://americanhistory. pppst. com/industrialrevolution. html http://www. birdville. k12. tx. us/Instruction/ss2/SS%20Resources/8th%20Grade%20Links/Results%20of%20Industrial%20Rev.. ppt#256,1,Results of the Industrial Revolution http://www. mrberlin. com/7th/Growth_Prosperity/cotton_gin. pt#261,1 Cotton Gin Simulation http://www. biologycorner. com/worksheets/pepperedmoth. html Simulations of peppered moth population due to predation and ecological changes. YouTube video http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=qWiv5QAZAJM Human Induced Climate Change – Ian Plimer (part 4 of 5) Bo ok Chapter Sakolsky, Josh . Critical Perspectives on the Industrial Revolution. New York: Rosen Publishing, 2005. A collection of articles which examines the Industrial Revolution. Chapter 2 Science, Technology, and Society: A Changing World. Books Stalcup, Brenda. The Industrial Revolution. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002.A collection of articles which examines the causes, the spread of inventions and impact of the Industrial Revolution. Outman, James L. and Elisabeth M. Industrial Revolution: Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2003. A book presenting works, speeches and testimony from which one gains an insight into the period. Evans, Chris and Goran Ryden. The Industrial Revolution in Iron: The Impact of British Coal Technologyin Nineteenth-Century Europe. London: Ashgate, 1988. Print. Hester, Ronald and Roy Harrison. Mining and its Environmental Impact. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994.Print. Film/DVD Coal Country. Director Phylis Geller. 001, Liason Distribution, DVD. http://www. coalcountrythemovie. com/ Reveals the truth about modern coal mining in America. A Forest Returns: The Success Story of Ohio's Only National Forest as told by Ora E. Anderson. Producer Jean Andrews. Ohio Landscape Production, Inc. 2005. DVD. Documentary about the establishment of Wayne National Forest in Southeastern Ohio. http://www. ohiolandscape. org/09Forest. html Thesis Document number: ohiou1121272350. http://rave. ohiolink. edu/etdc/view? acc_num=ohiou1121272350 Research paper and videotaped production of Ora Anderson about the beginnings of Wayne National Forest. Gerald Nelson

Outline the required contents of the Airplane Flight manual and the Essay

Outline the required contents of the Airplane Flight manual and the Aircraft Maintenence Manual - Essay Example Currently, formats and contents of airplane and rotorcraft flight manuals are stipulated by the General Aviation Manufacturers Association’s (GAMA). An airplane manual has numerous sections that contain adverse information concerning the model of the aircraft at hand. This section provides the fundamental descriptive information about the airplane and power plant whereby most manuals include a three-view drawing of the airplane that provides dimensions of various components. Some of the components included in this section are airplane’s wingspan, its maximum height, overall length, and wheelbase length (American Flyers, 2014). The last part of the General section encompasses abbreviations, definitions, explanations of symbology, as well as some of the vocabulary used in the manual. This section comprises of the delimitations required by the regulation and that are crucial for the safe operation of the aircraft, systems, equipment as well as power plants. It comprises of operating limitations, instrument markings, color coding, as well as basic placards (United States, 2007). Airspeed, weight and loading distribution, power plant, and flight are some of the limitations areas that are included in this section. The Normal Procedures section starts by listing the normal airspeed for normal operations, several checklists that may include preflight inspection, before starting procedures, starting engine, before taxiing, taxiing, before takeoff, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, before landing, balked landing, after landing, and post-flight procedures (United States, 2007). Amplified Procedures area may be provided so as to give more details about the diverse procedures. This section contains all the information required by the aircraft certification regulations, and any additional performance information the manufacturer feels may enhance a pilot’s ability to

The Role of Stakeholders in the Indigenous Employment Program of Rio Case Study

The Role of Stakeholders in the Indigenous Employment Program of Rio Tinto - Case Study Example The company has been steadfast in creating employment opportunities for the indigenous people in Australia. A majority of these people are of aboriginal origins, but some of them belong to other tribes or sub-tribes. Since most of its major operations and plants are located in rural or remote areas, Rio Tinto feels obligated to return the favor by promoting the development of those areas. The only way it is capable of doing this is by creating space for those people in their company. This gives indigenous people the opportunity to secure the futures of current and future generations, and move away from the mainly subsistence form of life they are used. In this day and age, it is worrying to know that there are people who are so close, yet so far, to civilization. What Rio Tinto is doing is bringing civilization to the indigenous people of Australia, and there is nothing better than what they are doing at the moment. It is worth noting that the company is not solely focused on just employing indigenous people. It supports (through educational grants and other forms of support) individuals from indigenous communities who have the potential to make positive changes in society. This makes a lot of sense because if its only intention was to employ people it would be unable to find enough people to employ. For example, if the company wanted indigenous people to form ten percent of its total workforce and only managed to realize a five percent figure, where would the other five percent come from? Rio Tinto’s strategy is based on spot, supporting, training and then employing individuals from indigenous communities. This ensures that its conveyor belt does not run dry, and keeps churning out skilled and qualified personnel. For many years, the indigenous peoples of Australia were maligned, ridiculed, scorned and mistreated2. This however changed with the passing and signing into law of several legislations that made it mandatory for indigenous people to be accorded their full rights as lawful citizens of Australia.

Spanish and French Baroque Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spanish and French Baroque - Research Paper Example Paintings of the Baroque style show a kind of dynamism, in contrast to the static mood of the Renaissance. They achieve a sense of movement by placing the composition along the diagonal, instead of the vertical. The paintings of the age were infused with the vitality and vigor, which had taken hold of Europe after the counterreformation. Landscape was treated as an adjunct to the primary figural subject and served as merely the background. In fresco decoration it appeared as an â€Å"ornamental interlude† in opposition to the main figures. The artists of the Baroque era took the landscape and â€Å"endowing it with a new grandeur† pushed the details and incidents to the realms of secondary objects. This style of painting was marked by Pastoral themes, and the artist tried to recreate Virgil’s Arcadia as the locus amoenus (pleasant place), where shepherds could lead the days in otium (leisurely) pursuits. Baroque works of art stressed upon the idea of creating ple asurable emotions but without any vulgarity, and keeping it â€Å"simple and natural’ based on the concept of les biensà ©ances (decorum). The Classical landscapes of the Baroque age painting, is marked by vast open spaces, with an architectural structure, usually a dilapidated fort or castle, which is placed there so as to â€Å"order the landscape through a symmetrical placement of geometricized forms.’ The Baroque style was practiced predominantly in Catholic countries of Europe, and so, many of the important pieces of art can be traced to Spain and France.

Ethics and law in business and society Research Paper

Ethics and law in business and society - Research Paper Example Ethics represents the doctrine related to moral philosophy, which incorporates systematic, defending and recommending concepts that further intend to segregate between the right deeds and wrong deeds. The anthropomorphic view reflects about the human behavior of following an order under the enforcement of lawThis view is generally adapted by individuals and entities as a phenomenon of natural pride for being able to provide a meaning to their world. Ironically, the underlying fact is that human beings pertain to be the actual source of morals and ethics. Therein, imposition of laws to raise the ethical standard of human beings is often contravened with skeptic arguments concerning its effectiveness. One such example had been the enactment of Hippocratic Oath, which has continued in the recent phenomenon, with the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 has been enacted to protect the investors, who invest in the form of securities by refining the accurat eness and trustworthiness of the company’s financial disclosure. This law was basically enacted in retort to the frequent reporting of accounting scandals in early 2000s, especially drawing from the inferences in the Enron case. Correspondingly, this particular law complies with a motive similar to that endured in the Hippocratic Oath to raise integrity and moral values amid the medical professionals and the physicians for practicing medicine with truthfulness, but in the paradigm of accountants and auditors in the 21st century context (Newsome & Wilson, 2006; Tyson, 2001). Although these two laws deal with different realms of professionalism, while the effectiveness and complete realization of the intended virtues of Hippocratic Oath in raising the moral values of medical practitioners remain dubious (Stern & Papadakis, 2006; Gilman, 2005), the effectiveness of Sarbanes-Oxley Act is implying the same for accountants and auditors has also been a subject of major concern. Henc e, the focal point of the discussion henceforth is not to differentiate between these two laws but is rather confined to critically examine the roots and the effectiveness possibilities of Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 as a measure to stimulate moral understanding and develop conscience within accountants and auditors to avoid instances such as Enron’s collapse in the future. This essay, in precise, thus intends to discuss about the public policies associated with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 from a critical viewpoint. History of the Act Public Policy Prescription Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 reflects about the financial reports that need to incorporate certain certifications to prove its accuracy, transparency and legitimacy. The policy further stresses on the fact that it is the responsibility of the financial officers to review the report before signing their agreement to the disclosed facts, in order to ensure that the report being framed does not entail ‘Mat erial Untrue Statement’. Eventually, the signing officers are considered as solely responsible for the internal controls of a company and thus, the only enforcer to accounting integrity. Correspondingly, Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002’s section 401 incorporates the policies associated with the financial disclosures. In accordance to this particular section, the financial statements being published must be accurate. Furthermore, these financial statements must incorporate ‘Material Off-Balance Sheet’ transactions or liabilities. The commission here is basically required to conduct a detailed study on the ‘Off-Balance Transaction’. According to the policies of Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 mentioned under section 404, the issuers must publish information concerning the scope along with the adequacy in the annual reports. Eventually, the section 409 of the concerned act focuses on the responsibilities of the issuers to inform the public on immediate basis per taining to any change(s), which occurs within their financial

Reading response 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading response 7 - Essay Example Punk rock has grown among the Korean youth giving them a day-to-day chance to expresses their energy and relieve stress as they dance wildly. He recognizes the consequent emergence of the Korean punk movement that expresses local resistance within an internationally recognizable form. Epstein acknowledges this growth to the relaxation of authoritarian control in Korea, depression caused by American suburban alienation, Korean exposure to the west and Western music, Internet use among Korean teens, and globalization I find the style of dancing to Korean punk, the energy, and enthusiasm with the artists and the audience, and dancehall mood very interesting. I think that this genre of music should be encouraged to Koreans of all ages as it promotes the Korean identity. I hence conclude that although punk Rock may never get full assimilation to the Korean pop music, the steps taken are increasingly resisting the oppositional

Policy Process Theories Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Process Theories - Coursework Example Corporate Managers should actively show their support for managing these incidents effectively. Monitoring ensures that the policy in question being implemented is done so effectively. The parties involved will be required to make a decision on how the policy should be checked. The steps to be followed involves: who will do the monitoring? How will one will be able to know whether the system is effective? What does one desire to know and whom will you consult? What data will be used and for how long will it be used. It significance to consider how to maintain the policy lively. At the same come up with the strategies on how new pupils, staff, governors and parents should be made aware (Gornitzka, Kogan,& Amaral,2005). Evaluation can be done through the use of approved data and by consulting some pupils, staff, governors and parents. Results will not always be constant since decline will not often be revealed. Hence, there is need of application of both quantitative and qualitative data. Another theory that could be used is bureaucratic policy approach. This is where the policies are made with those empowered to so by the authority. The psychological distance enables the superiors to make a decision (Edelkamp & Schrödl 2012). Contrary, the theory seems to be rigid since predetermined procedure and process have to be adhered to. Worse still, it only advocates for overreliance on formal control (Gornitzka, Kogan,& Amaral,2005). One of the best methods to solve the complex phenomena is through the use of theories. Theories help organize and describe the complexity. Therefore, policy process researchers should know and understand as well is capable of applying adverse analytical methods that are available to

What is buddhism Is it a philosophy or a religion Essay

What is buddhism Is it a philosophy or a religion - Essay Example s study on whether Buddhism is a religion or a philosophy putting into consideration some of the theories applied, the history of Buddhism, Buddha – its religious figure and its literature. The paper will not lie on one side of the thesis question i.e. whether Buddhism is a religion or philosophy, but it will evaluate both notions mostly according to Olson’s conclusions on the matter. In the book ‘The Different Path of Buddhism’ Olson starts by first making a quick account of the early Buddhist tradition of how an old woman, friends with the monks, died and the monks were inconsolable. After which Buddha told them the story about kaka Jataka, the crow and the day when one of the crows got very drunk and was swept out to the sea and drowned; he used the story for symbolism where the sea was a metaphor for the suffering associated with life and the crows represented the human beings (Olson 1). Olson says that during this time of Buddhism, Buddha was considered an common man of flesh and blood, and an exceptional fascinating teacher; not a manifestation of divine being. He is best known as an educator, philosopher, and founder of a major world religion; significantly, he is not like other religious figures that were considered to be holy beings like Jesus (Christianity) or Muhammad (Islam). However, like these other religious figures, Buddha gathered a small group of followers who were attracted to his charisma and teaching, but insisted on the creation of a monastic community that shaped those who joined it and influenced Indian culture, and the laity who were necessary for its support (Olson 3). Before the formation of Buddhism, there were only two religious movements in India; the Brahmins – Brahmanical culture and the holy wanderers – Indian culture; notably, the Buddhists supported the holy wanderers and rejected certain ways of the Brahmanical religion but accepted others (Olson 5). Buddhism was later formed from an incorporation of some features

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example Business processes were reengineered by changing reward criteria and performance matrices as well as marketing activities. The idea of providing custom built solutions for the customers proved to be a handy tool for reaching customer satisfaction. Company’s emphasis also shifted to the global market where it tried to provide the business services by divesting itself on low margin industries. This enabled it to capture new markets and work towards customer satisfaction through different venues using different marketing techniques by adapting to cultural changes in different countries. Perhaps the most important competency that the company inculcated was that of becoming a brand worker ensuring to provide customized and integrated technologies to the customers even if that meant using a rival company’s product. This led to pervasive customer loyalty. IBM also bolstered its services division by acquiring a management consultancy firm that helped it to increase its business consultants worldwide. This led to the communication of company’s vision in a much effective way. 2. ... He did thorough research on the business units of the company and tried to integrate them into one so that they may follow standard procedures to create enhanced value for the customers. This move was an audacious decision as it was a contra act of the policy made by his predecessors. He also seemed to follow an adaptive approach in formulating new plans of action. This was evident when he tried to grab the opportunities to make profitable initiatives. Louis’s proactive approach towards business environment led him to gain advantage over his competitors in all respects. Louis also was apt at making bold decisions such as that of exiting the consumer market and playing in the larger business market only. Louis also viewed that IBM was a social entity at large and therefore employees and the workforce played a major role in the organisational success. That is why he took steps to reengineer the human resource management practices of the company making them more employee-centric at the basic level. In order to align the organisational performance with the proposed goals, Louis tried to focus on developing the brand concept. This later helped it to create loyal customers. He also redesigned the marketing campaigns of the firm in order to ensure that the all promotion activities boasted the same value proposition of the firm. All this shows that he was keen to follow a rigorous decision making process. In a nut shell, Louis’s style of implementation is analogous to that of a capable leader. He took bold decisions based on extensive research and tried to retain their viability. He also looked for new avenues to approach and cater through his judicious work style. 3. What are the implications